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Migrate from MongoDBPostgreSQL

Hard1-4 weeks for a non-trivial app6 steps
Why migrate

Escape MongoDB's licensing changes (SSPL), get true relational queries, schema enforcement, ACID transactions, lower hosting costs.

Step-by-step

  1. 1

    1. Export MongoDB collections

    `mongoexport --collection=X --out=X.json` for each collection.

  2. 2

    2. Design relational schema

    Denormalize embedded documents into separate tables. Use foreign keys for relationships MongoDB stored implicitly.

  3. 3

    3. Use JSONB for true unstructured fields

    Postgres `JSONB` columns handle MongoDB-like unstructured data with full indexing. Don't over-normalize what genuinely doesn't need it.

  4. 4

    4. Bulk import

    Write a Node/Python script that reads MongoDB JSON exports and inserts into Postgres with proper FK resolution.

  5. 5

    5. Rewrite queries

    MongoDB aggregation pipelines become SQL CTEs + window functions. This is the bulk of the work.

  6. 6

    6. Switch driver

    Replace `mongoose`/`mongodb` with `pg`, `postgres.js`, or an ORM like Prisma/Drizzle.

Gotchas to watch

  • MongoDB's `_id` ObjectIDs vs Postgres UUIDs — pick one convention.
  • Aggregation pipelines are MongoDB's biggest win. SQL is more powerful but you'll write more code.
  • Test query performance under load before cutover — JSONB indexing requires GIN indexes.
  • If you used MongoDB Change Streams, you need Postgres LISTEN/NOTIFY or Debezium.

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Migrate from MongoDB to PostgreSQL — Step-by-Step Guide (2026) — StackPicks — StackPicks